Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system can be divided into two categories: 1) Viruses such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia and the new enterovirus respiratory virus that has been diagnosed in children; and 2) chronic diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Asthma
Mepolizumab1,2 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizesinterleukin-5 (IL-5) .Benralizumab,3 an anti-IL-5 receptor α-monoclonal antibody which seemed to reduce asthma exacerbations in adults.Reslizumab,4 humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, has results that support its use in patients with asthma and elevated blood eosinophil counts.
Dupilumab,5 a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-4 and IL-13, has shown efficacy in patients with asthma and elevated eosinophil levels.
Benralizumab--AstraZeneca announces positive results from benralizumab phase III program in severe asthma. Benralizumab (INN) is a monoclonal antibody which is being developed by MedImmune for the treatment of asthma. It is directed against the alpha-chain of the interleukin-5 receptor (CD125).
lebrikizumab -- Genentech --Lebrikizumab (INN) is a humanized monoclonal antibody and an experimental immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of asthma that cannot be adequately controlled with inhalable glucocorticoids.
A new drug with the potential to reverse or slow the development of asthma is being tested by researchers at The University of Queensland.----IL-33 is well known for causing bronchial inflammation in asthmatics, our research demonstrated for the first time that it also weakens the ability of asthmatics to fend off respiratory viral infections, a common trigger of asthma attacks. The team is We're the new drug will be able to reverse or slow down the development of asthma by blocking the IL-33 protein.-- See Reference 3.
AMG 282-- Genentech snags a PhII-ready IL-33 asthma/COPD drug from Amgen --Amgen had dubbed AMG 282.
COPD
FF/UMEC/VI: Triple Combination Therapy--GSK Announces COPD Drug Achieves Late-Stage Study Goals --once-daily 'closed' triple combination therapy, fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI: a combination inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta agonist), in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
SAMA Glycopyrrolate Sunovion 3 --Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Announces Positive Results from Two Phase 3 Clinical Studies Evaluating SUN-101/eFlow® (glycopyrrolate) in People with Moderate-to-Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). SUN-101 (glycopyrrolate) is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) bronchodilator delivered via the innovative, proprietary closed investigational eFlow® nebulizer system. SUN-101/eFlow® is currently in development as a nebulized treatment for patients with moderate-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The investigational combined product, consisting of SUN-101 and the closed eFlow® nebulizer system which has been optimized for SUN-101 delivery, has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of COPD.
LAMA Glycopyrronium bromide Novartis 3 (some complete, others recruiting) LAMA/LABA Olodaterol/tiotropium bromide Boehringer-Ingelheim 3 (complete) Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide Novartis 3 (some complete, others recruiting)
Olodaterol/tiotropium bromide--(LAMA/LABA)--Unlike older long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs), such as salmeterol and formoterol, that require twice-daily dosing, indacaterol and olodaterol are members of a new generation of LABAs that are used once daily. - See more reference 1.
PT003, AstraZeneca's--PT003 is a twice-daily fixed-dose combination of glycopyrronium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and formoterol fumarate, a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA). PT003 is the first LAMA/LABA combination to be delivered in a pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) using the unique porous particle co-suspension technology developed by Pearl Therapeutics, which was acquired by AstraZeneca in 2013.
Benralizumab --Anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies AstraZeneca
Mepolizumab --GlaxoSmithKline 3 (recruiting) -Anti-IL-5 Monoclonal Antibody
Short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMAs) are a mainstay of treatment for COPD, but these medications must be inhaled multiple times daily. Newer longacting agents may help improve adherence through once-daily administration. These long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) include tiotropium and aclidinium. One LAMA (glycopyrronium bromide) and 1 SAMA (glycopyrrolate) are in late-stage development as treatments for COPD.3 - See Reference 2.
READINGS AND REFERENCES